Which welding process is known for its lower risk of operator exposure to health hazards?

Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) is recognized for its lower risk of operator exposure to health hazards primarily because of its unique operational method. In SAW, the arc is formed beneath a layer of granular flux, which not only protects the molten metal from contamination but also prevents the hazardous fumes and spatter that are common in other welding processes from reaching the operator's breathing zone. This granular flux covers the arc and the weld puddle completely, significantly reducing the emission of harmful ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) radiation.

Furthermore, the confinement of the arc and its related byproducts below the surface minimizes the release of potentially toxic fumes that can occur in processes like MIG or TIG welding, where the arc is exposed and operators are often in close proximity to it. This reduction in airborne contaminants directly lowers the risk of respiratory issues and skin exposure for operators, making Submerged Arc Welding a safer choice in environments where exposure to health hazards is a concern.

In contrast, other processes such as TIG and MIG welding involve limited shielding and more open exposure, increasing the potential for inhalation of harmful fumes and exposure to UV radiation, which are more pronounced risks in those methods. Spot welding, while having some protective elements, does not provide the same level