Which of the following is NOT one of the fail-safe principles?

The principle of absolute safety is regarded as unrealistic in many safety and engineering contexts, which makes it stand out from the other fail-safe principles. This is because absolute safety implies a level of risk elimination that is impossible to achieve in practice. In safety management, it is accepted that some level of risk always exists, and strategies are designed to minimize those risks rather than to remove them entirely.

On the other hand, the general fail-safe principle emphasizes designing systems that default to a safe state in the event of a failure. The fail-safe principle of redundancy involves incorporating multiple systems or components to ensure that if one fails, others can take over. The principle of the worst case focuses on planning for and mitigating the most severe potential failures. These principles all acknowledge the inevitability of some failures and aim to enhance safety within that reality, contrasting with the concept of absolute safety, which is unattainable.